In theory, it should be possible to connect a traditional fax machine to an FXS port of some sort and then pass incoming faxes to that device (see Figure 19.1, “Typical fax pass-through”). This concept is attractive for a few reasons:
Unfortunately, fax pass-through is not the home run we would like it to be. The analog carrier signal that two fax machines use to communicate is a delicate thing, and any corruption of that signal will often cause a transmission failure. In an Asterisk system performing pass-through, internal timing issues, coupled with signal attenuation, can create an environment that is unstable for fax use, especially for larger (multipage) faxes.
If you are using fax on a casual basis (mostly noncritical, one-page faxes), this sort of setup can work well. If faxing is critical to your business, or you are often expecting multipage faxes, we must reluctantly recommend that you connect your fax machines directly to the PSTN and leave Asterisk out of it.
Many of the problems with fax pass-through are caused by inconsistent timing. Since faxes are more tolerant of latency than voice calls (a fax has to be able to travel halfway around the world, which takes a few dozen milliseconds), the introduction of a buffer in DAHDI (which is strictly used for faxes) has reportedly corrected many of the problems that have plagued fax pass-through.
As of this writing, this is a fairly new configuration option. The currently preferred setting is as follows:
faxbuffers => 12,half
This would be placed in your
/etc/asterisk/chan_dahdi.conf file and would cause
chan_dahdi to create a 96 ms buffer for fax calls
and delay start of transmission until the buffer was half full.
You would also need to set
faxdetect, since the fax buffers are part of the
faxdetect functionality:
faxdetect = both
We have not extensively tested this capability yet, but anecdotal evidence suggests that this should greatly improve the performance of fax pass-through in Asterisk.